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Backed by the Intl extension, available since PHP 5.3, and based on the ICU project. Yii: Supports array, Gettext, and database-based translation, and includes a messages extractor. Laravel: Supports basic array files has no automatic extractor but includes a helper for template files. Other frameworks also include i18n modules, but those are not available outside of their codebases: Also includes view helpers, and locale-aware input filters and validators.

Implements a caching layer to avoid needing to read the file system every time. Zend/i18n: Supports array and INI files, or Gettext formats. Doesn’t include helper functions or a built-in extractor, but supports placeholders using strtr() internally. Symfony/translation: Supports a lot of different formats, but recommends using verbose XLIFF’s. mo/.po files, which can be useful if you need to integrate your translation files into other parts of the system, like a JavaScript interface. Oscarotero/Gettext: Gettext support with an object-oriented interface includes improved helper functions, powerful extractors for several file formats (some of them not supported natively by the gettext command). Although in this document, we focus on the tools provided with the PHP core, here’s a list of some others worth mentioning:

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Some are easier to install than others, or sport additional features or support different i18n file formats. There are major PHP web frameworks and libraries that support Gettext and other implementations of i18n.

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We will be presenting a great GUI application that can be used to easily update your l10n source files, thereby avoiding the need to deal with the command line. Gettext is what we’ll be using in this post. While it is pretty easy to get started with, it still has powerful supporting tools.

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Though dating back to 1995, it is still a comprehensive tool for translating software that is also easy to use. One of the most classic tools (often taken as reference for i18n and l10n) is a Unix tool called Gettext. Some issues might even appear in the very beginning, such as the lack of support for variable interpolation or pluralization of nouns and so on. This is, however, hardly a recommended way for serious projects, as it will definitely pose maintenance issues down the road. Arrays will be populated with translated strings, which can then be looked up from within templates: The easiest way to internationalize PHP software is by using array files. We will go through the various implementation options and the different tools that are available at our disposal to ease the process.

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In this article, we will learn how to internationalize and localize software written in PHP. Also, whenever a part of the interface (containing text) is updated, new content becomes available - which then needs to be localized (i.e., translated) to all supported locales. Localization needs to be performed every time a new language or region needs to be supported. Once your codebase has been internationalized, localization (l10n) becomes a matter of translating the contents of your application to a specific language/locale.

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Internationalization is usually done once, preferably in the beginning of the project to avoid needing huge changes in the source code down the road. Internationalization (i18n) of your codebase, helps ensure that it can be adapted to different languages or regions with relative ease. The way your code is organized, and how your components and interface are designed, plays an important role in determining how easily you can localize your application. You may even find languages with a total of four, five, or six plural forms, such as in Slovenian, Irish, or Arabic. In other languages, though – such as Slavic languages – there are two plural forms in addition to the singular one. Rules of pluralization in English are pretty straightforward: you can have a singular form of a word or a plural form of a word.

The differences in grammar rules, language nuances, date formats, and more combine to make localization a unique and formidable challenge. Whether you are building a website or a full-fledged web application, making it accessible to a wider audience often requires it to be available in different languages and locales.įundamental differences between most human languages make this anything but easy.